-
4G LTE Interview Questions 1
Q. What is Difference between MIB and SIB? MIB and SIB are two types of System Information (SI) that is broadcasted in the serving are of particular cell. SI is carried by the logical channel BCCH, which in turn is carried by either of the transport channels BCH or DL-SCH.Master information Block (MIB): is a […]
-
2G GSM Interview Questions & Answers
Q1) How we can use the same frequency like (F1) in two neighbor cell (site) in the same cluster but do not have interference?? Answer) We can do this by we reduce the power of the frequency (F1) in two sites than other frequencies, this mean that the coverage area of frequency (F1) have small […]
-
Question: Is there Tracking Area Update (TAU) procedure in 5G like we see in 2G, 3G and 4G?
Answer: In 5G we have Registration Area Update (RAU) instead of Tracking area Update (TAU). A Registration area is a list of tracking areas that are assigned to UE by 5G Network. This is especially useful in the high mobility scenarios where assigning a tracking area list (Registration Area) to UE reduces the signalling on […]
-
SECURITY EDGE PROTECTION PROXY (SEPP)
To protect messages that are sent over the N32 interface, the 5G system architecture implements Security Edge Protection Proxy (SEPP) at the perimeter of the Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) network. SEPP receives all service layer messages from the Network Function (NF) and protects them before sending them out of the network on the N32 […]
-
3GPP 5G SECURITY ARCHITECTURE
3GPP defines the overall 5G security architecture, illustrated in Figure above. This includes many network architectural elements and concepts such as: Network access security (I) which is the set of security features that enables user equipment (UE) to authenticate and access services via the network securely, including 3GPP access and non3GPP access, and particularly to […]
-
What is the difference between CU and DU in 5G?
In 5G the basestation is called as the gNB. According to the 3GPP recommendation TR 38.801, the gNB is further subdivided into the Centralized Unit (CU) and Distributed Unit (DU) as shown in the diagram below. The Centralized Unit is used to support higher layer protocols like SDAP, PDCP, and RCC. While the lower layer […]
-
Enhanced Common Public Radio Interface (eCPRI)
Background Although Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) has been the main Fronthaul interface standard, many operators started to question its suitability to high bandwidth 5G use cases. Improvements to efficiency and link capacity utilization were requested. Also advanced networking and OAM features of mainstream packet transport standards were requested. What is CPRI? A digital public […]
-
8T8R Antenna Beamforming Technology Introduction
Principles of 8T8R Beamforming Beamforming is a digital signal processing technology that can be implemented on adaptive 8T8R array antennas. Baseband weighting of multiple antennas transmitting signals is used to form high-gain, narrow beams. These beams target user devices, improving signal strength and reducing interference, as shown in the figure 1 below. 8T8R Antenna Introduction […]
-
ANTENNA ARRAY STRUCTURE FOR ONE AND TWO-DIMENSIONAL BEAMFORMING
The purpose of using an antenna array, as shown in Figure 7.1-A, is to enable high gain beams and the ability to steer those beams over a range of angles. The gain is achieved, in both UL and DL, by constructively combining signals from a number of antenna elements. The more antenna elements utilized, the […]
-
FTTH GPON Interview Questions
Q. What is FTTH? Ans. FTTH stands for Fiber to the Home Q. What is GPON? Ans. GPON stands for Gigabit Passive Optical Network. A passive optical network (PON) is a networkarchitecture that brings fiber cabling direct to the home using a point-to-multipoint scheme that enablesa single optical fiber to serve multiple premises & Customers. […]